What Is Mechanical Engineering Courses, Jobs, Salaries

Mechanical engineering is a STEM field related to the design, analysis, testing, and manufacture of objects ranging from childrens toys to airplanes. More students study mechanical engineering than any other branch of engineering. The discipline is heavily grounded in physics, as mechanical engineers must be experts on the principles that govern motion, force, and energy. Key Takeaways: Mechanical Engineering Mechanical engineering draws heavily upon math and physics, and the major requires strong computing and problem-solving skills.Mechanical engineering has more college majors and working professionals than any other engineering field.Specializations within mechanical engineering include automotive, aerospace, electronics, robotics, and more. Specializations in Mechanical Engineering Mechanical engineering is a broad field with numerous sub-specialties. In the broadest terms, a mechanical engineer has the skills to take an idea and come up with the design specifications to make that idea a reality. The proper functioning of all of the products in our daily lives—from nail clippers to automobiles—relies upon the efforts of a mechanical engineer. Many mechanical engineers spend a large portion of their day sitting in front of a computer using CAD (computer-aided design), CAE (computer-aided engineering) and CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) software tools. That said, many mechanical engineers also spend time in the laboratory testing designs or on the production floor overseeing manufacturing processes. Mechanical engineers work for a wide range of employers since so much in our world depends upon the field. The following list contains the most common specializations within the field of mechanical engineering: Automotive: Everything from the temperature control panel to the wheel bearings requires precise design specifications.Aerospace: In the aerospace field, lives depend on engineers to design safe airplanes, helicopters, and spacecraft.Electronics: Any part of an electronic device that moves or encounters a force relies upon the efforts of a mechanical engineer. From keyboard design to disk drives to charging plugs, good mechanical design is essential.Education: Many mechanical engineers go on to earn advanced degrees and train the next generation of engineers. It is also common for engineering faculty members to act as consultants for industries.Medical: Biotechnology often depends on mechanical engineers for the design and production of implants and prosthetic devices.Military: From guns to missiles to aircraft carriers, the tools employed by an effective military depend upon reliable and precise design.Robotics: From personal household robots to automated assembly lines, robotics is going to continue to be a growth field for the foreseeable future. College Coursework in Mechanical Engineering Mechanical engineers must have strong skills in math, physics, and computing. They will typically need to take math classes through differential equations and foundation courses in sciences such as chemistry, biology and calculus-based physics. Many courses will be specialized for the specific skills required of a mechanical engineer and can include topics such as these: Principles of DesignMachiningMeasurement and InstrumentationMechanical Properties of MaterialsThermodynamicsFluid MechanicsControl SystemsManufacturing ProcessesHydrodynamicsRobotics In general, a mechanical engineering curriculum will involve a mix of lecture and lab courses. Students will graduate with strong computational and problem-solving skills. Best Schools for Mechanical Engineering Majors Because mechanical engineering is the largest and most common of all engineering disciplines, nearly every school that has an engineering program will offer a mechanical engineering major. Not surprisingly, the best schools for the field are also those that top the national rankings for engineering as a whole. All of the schools below have excellent graduate and undergraduate programs in mechanical engineering: California Institute of Technology (Caltech): A small private technological institution located in Pasadena, California, Caltech often vies with MIT for the top ranking among engineering schools. Mechanical engineering is the most popular major.Carnegie Mellon University: CMU is a mid-sized comprehensive university with strengths ranging from the arts to engineering. Mechanical engineering is the third most popular major after computer science and electrical engineering.Cornell University: The largest of the prestigious Ivy League schools, Cornell also has the strongest engineering programs among the Ivies. Well over 100 mechanical engineers graduate every year.Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech): Located in Atlanta, Georgia, this public universitys price tag will be considerably lower than the private options on this list, and the engineering programs are among the best in the country. Mechanical engineering is the most popular major, and the program graduates nearly 600 students a year.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT often tops the list of the best engineering schools in the United States if not the world. About 15% of all undergraduates major in mechanical engineering.Purdue University - West Lafayette: Purdue is one of several large comprehensive public universities with excellent engineering programs. The university graduates over 400 mechanical engineers a year. Industrial, Electrical, and Chemical engineering are also popular.Stanford University: With a 5% acceptance rate, Stanford is the most selective school on this list (although MIT and Caltech arent far behind). Engineers make up about 20% of the undergraduate student body, and just under 100 mechanical engineers graduate each year.University of California - Berkeley: Electrical engineering, biology, and computer science top the enrollments in STEM fields at Berkeley, but mechanical engineering comes in fourth place. The university has broad strengths, and the social sciences and humanities programs are as prestigious as the schools excellent engineering programs.University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign: With over 48,000 students, UIUC is the largest university on this list. Over 1,700 engineering majors graduate annually, and civil, computer, electrical, and mechanical engineering are all popular.University of Michigan - Ann Arbor: One of the top public universities in the country, Michigan has many strengths in STEM fields among which mechanical engineering is the biggest program. Keep in mind that the engineering programs at these schools are all highly selective, and that there are dozens of other excellent colleges for studying mechanical engineering. Average Salaries for Mechanical Engineers The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the median pay for mechanical engineers is $85,880 per year for an employee with a bachelors degree. Close to 300,000 people are employed in the field, and job opportunities for mechanical engineers are projected to grow over the next decade. Payscale.com reports that the average pay for early career employees is $65,800, while mid-career mechanical engineers average $108,700. In general, engineering majors have higher earning potential than students who graduate in most other fields.

Performance Based Design For An Integrated Solution

PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN The concept of achieving design with some focus on performance is not new, the tools and methods that changes. To discuss performance for design, it is important to classify and separate its functions and features. If a building consists of a set of parameters, the design process can be associated to a balance act, where parameters are weight and arranged to ï ¬ t the context of a project. In traditional architectural design, the use of measurable parameters often postponed or take place in a later phase of the design process. The concept design is rather focused on aesthetics, plan functionality and experience of spaces, however, this approach limits the success of an integrated solution. Today, there is an almost understood association with computational tools along with the measurable parameters and thresholds. The massive power of computation makes it superlative for repeating calculations, it could be useful in optimization algorithms for instance, and the target parameters for the optimization have to be simple enough to be expressed in a computer algorithm. In the application of structural engineering, these quantiï ¬ able and measurable parameters could be mass, force, moment, deï ¬â€šection or even cost. Karamba plug-in for Rhinoceros 3D software is a physics engine and a good example of an interactive, parametric finite element program that helps analyzing the responses of shell structures and 3D beams under arbitrary loads. 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English Composition Final Exam Free Essays

Topic Three Recommendations to decrease violent juvenile crime range from see-through school bags to confiscating guns, eliminating violent video games, altering local news coverage, and changing the way parents teach their children esteem for others. Imagine that you are an advisor to the President of the United States and you have been asked to write a policy speech in which you lay out a series of feasible initiatives for reducing violent crime by juveniles. In recent years, juvenile crime has risen to an alarming level. We will write a custom essay sample on English Composition Final Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now The average age of a violent crime offender has decreased in the last generation, and every state is prone to the devastating impact of youth violence. The average age of murder victims of a youth offender is fourteen years of age. It is time for adults to act to reduce youth violence (Office of the Commission and Families 2014). The crimes committed are the same. The only change is the age of the offender. The starting point to reducing youth violence is evidence-based practices. Proven programs have shown to reduce delinquency and recidivism, substance use or antisocial behavior in at least two trials by using a strong research design. Proven Strategies have shown through meta- analysis Of scientifically credible evaluations to reduce recidivism. Rumoring Programs have shown to reduce delinquency and recidivism, substance use or antisocial behavior by using a strong research design, but outcomes have not yet been replicated. Proven programs, such as the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Program, must have at least one negative outcome that is changed by 20% or more for the better. The study design must use a convincing comparison group randomized-control trial or some quasi-experimental designs. The sample size of the evaluation must exceed 30 in both the treatment and comparison groups, and must be publicly available. Promising programs, such as Be Proud! Be Responsible! , must have more than a 1% change in the outcome. The study must have a comparison group, but it may exhibit some weaknesses, such as, the groups lack comparability on pre- existing variables or the analysis does not employ appropriate statistical controls. The sample size of the evaluation must exceed 10 in both the treatment and comparison groups, and must be publicly available. There is no all-encompassing approach to preventing youth violence. However, communities can help reduce youth violence by developing a city-wide tragedy that combines prevention, intervention, treatment, and re-entry strategies. Prevention begins with parents being parents. Children have enough peers. What they need is guidance from a stable adult. Some parents are trying to relive their childhood through their children by being more of a friend and less of a parent. This is where the respect for elders is broken down, leading to violence. Intervention is where the parent chooses to grow up before the child. The parent must reiterate respectful behaviors towards others, giving an ultimatum, but also giving support to help make the better sections. Treatment comes in many forms. How to cite English Composition Final Exam, Papers

Impact of Oil and Gas Industry on the Economy

Question: Analyze the oil and gas industry, focus on the industry as a whole to the US economy. Then define the oil and gas industry. What would you define this industry? Based on what information and clues did you define the oil and gas industry? Answer: Introduction Oil and gas is an important industry in the United States and the contribution to the economy is immense. Many people are employed in this particular sector and this sector employs a huge number of people. On the other hand, the impact is also felt on different other sectors. Recently, the oil industry is going through a slump and the prices of the oil barrels are going down. This report focuses on the impact of this industry on the overall economy and the comparison is made among the different companies. Role of the Oil industry in the United States United States produces about 5% of the total oil on a global scale and it employs a huge number of people. The oil industry consists of the refining, transportation, distribution and refining of the crude oil and the operations of the industry is divided into upstream, downstream and midstream. On the other hand, the operations of the gas industry can also be divided into downstream and upstream sectors. Gas consists of about 29% of the total energy consumed in the total economy (Wang). There is huge number of companies in the oil sectors and popular companies include, Chevron, Exxon Mobil, BP and Shell. Oil companies are involved in selling, distributing and refining of the crude oil and at the same time, the companies are also involved in the hedging and trading of the oil stocks (Brock). In the recent wake of the decrease in the prices of the oil, this fell below $30 per barrel the companies faced severe loss. Most of the traders went for a short position regarding the fall in the prices of stock prices and many traders at the same time suffered huge losses. The unexpected reduction in the price of the oil stocks is because of the over-production of the oil and lack of demands for oil. This sector employs about 8.4 million peoples and 1.4 million jobs in indirect way (Geraci). The net labor income by the company, that is the aggregate of the capital spending, dividend income and operational spending by the company was $597.6 billion, which was about 6.5% of the total labor income of the United States (Macdonald, Stephen). Moreover, the total employment was about 5.7% of the whole US economy, the labor income was about 6.5% of the net economy of the United States. The state of California received the highest income from the oil industry and Texas gave highest number o f employment in the US economy (Alexandersson). Moreover, this sector helps in creating indirect employment to different other sectors like agriculture, mining, constructions, wholesale and retail trading and financial services. On the other hand, the capital investment impact of this company on other sectors like mining, agriculture, financial services and constructions is huge. Capital investment impact and operational impact helps to boost the whole of the economy and at the same time create a he number of employment opportunities in the United States. The similar impact is felt on the wages, dividend and labor incomes (Brock). The labor income is estimated at $203.6 billion, the capital expenditure income stands at $176.7 billion. The dividend payments by this company to the shareholders estimated at $32 billion and the capital expenditures made by this company was $527.6 billion (Knothe). From the above discussions it can be understood that the impact of this sector on the economy is huge and they helps in creating a huge num ber of employment opportunities. Analysis of oil companies The four main companies in the United States in the oil sector are Shell, Chevron. BP and Exxon Mobil. They are the competitors of each other and hold the majority of the oil market in US. These companies hold the top six positions of the United States. Company Total Equity ($ billions) Exxon Mobil 170.81 Shell 162.87 Chevron 155.02 BP 98.387 Table 1: Analysis of the equity capital of the companies (Source: Card, David and Alan) Company Total Assets ($ billions) Exxon Mobil 349.49 Shell 340.15 Chevron 266.25 BP 261.8 Table 2: Analysis of the total assets of the companies (Source: Rabe, Stephen) Company Net Income ($ billions) Exxon Mobil 21.96 Shell 1.94 Chevron 4.58 BP - 6.2 Table 3: Analysis of the total assets of companies (Source: Bierbaum, Rosina, et al.) In case of Exxon mobil, the dividend per share was $2.7, the market quotation for common stocks was $104.75, the total revenue of the company was $411,939 billion and the earnings per share was $7.60 (Anderson, Irvine). On the other hand, in case of Chevron, the earnings per share of the company were -35.39 cents in both the case of basic and diluted shares and the dividend payment was 5850. In case of Shell, the earnings per share was 0.31 cents and the share capital of the company was 546 million. On the other hand, the earnings per share in case of BP, was -35.39 cents and this company incurred a loss of -6482 million in the current financial year. From the above data, it can be conclded that Exonn Mobil is way ahead of the competitors in terms of financial data (Annual Report 2016). Recommendation The time is volatile and uncertain for the oil industry, due to decrease in the prices of the oil barrels. It is important for the government to correctly hedge the oil prices and build a reserve of oil. Moreover, excessive shorting of the oil stocks by the traders will have an adverse impact on the economy and the government must intervene in this regard. On the other hand, the role of the different regulatory bodies like OPEC is very much important and they must take a neutral stand and take the whole of the economy out of the mess. Therefore, these steps will help the industry to improve their financial condition to recover the loss that they have faced recently. Conclusion After analyzing the report, it can be concluded that oil industry plays a dominant role in the economy of the United States and many people are employed in this sector. On the other hand, this sector provides indirect benefit to different other sectors as well. The oil industry is going through a bad phase due to the lowering prices of the oil barrels. The role of the government has become significant in the current scenario. Therefore, it has seen that the oil and gas industry influence the economical graph of United States that has recently decreased a little but the researcher has recommended some suggestions to gain their previous position again in the world business as a large industry. Reference Alexandersson, Gunnar.The Industrial Structure of American Cities (Routledge Library Editions: Economic Geography). Routledge, 2015. Anderson Jr, Irvine H.Aramco, the United States, and Saudi Arabia: A study of the dynamics of foreign oil policy, 1933-1950. Princeton University Press, 2014. Bierbaum, Rosina, et al. "A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: more than before, but less than needed."Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change18.3 (2013): 361-406. Brock, James.The structure of American industry. Waveland Press, 2013. Card, David, and Alan B. Krueger.Myth and measurement. Princeton University Pres, 2015. Geraci, Joseph, ed.Sea mammals and oil: confronting the risks. Elsevier, 2012. Knothe, Gerhard, Jrgen Krahl, and Jon Van Gerpen, eds.The biodiesel handbook. Elsevier, 2015. Macdonald, Stephen.Petroleum conservation in the United States: An economic analysis. Vol. 5. Routledge, 2013. Rabe, Stephen G.The road to OPEC: United States relations with Venezuela, 1919-1976. University of Texas Press, 2014. Wang, Zhongmin, and Alan Krupnick. "A Retrospective Review of Shale Gas Development in the United States: What Led to the Boom?."Resources for the Future DP(2013): 13-12.