The Components of Criminal Justice Essay Example for Free

The Components of Criminal Justice Essay There are three principle parts of understanding the segments of criminal equity. They are law authorization, courts, and amendments. First is law authorization, it extensively alludes to any framework by which a few citizenry act in a sorted out way to elevate adherence to the law by rebuffing individuals who disregard the principles overseeing that society. In any case, the term may include substances, for example, courts and penitentiaries, it is most much of the time applied to the individuals who legitimately take part in watches or observation to prevent and find crime, and the individuals who research violations and catch guilty parties. Next are courts. It’s a council, frequently a legislative foundation, with the position to settle legitimate debates among gatherings and do the organization of equity in common, criminal, and managerial issues as per the standard of law. The third and last segment of the criminal equity framework is revisions. The job of this part is to maintain and oversee sentences passed on by judges. The amendments framework, which is firmly entwined with the past two segments, is significant and very huge. The redresses segment incorporates correctional facilities, penitentiaries, prison guards, post trial supervisors and probation officers. Criminal techniques are shields against the unpredictable utilization of criminal laws and the wanton treatment of suspected lawbreakers. In particular, they are intended to uphold the sacred privileges of criminal suspects and respondents, starting with introductory police contact and proceeding through capture, examination, preliminary, condemning, and bids. The U.S. Preeminent Court, according to its power under the Rules Enabling Act, first declared the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, which Congress, thus, passed. The Federal Rules plot the technique for directing government criminal preliminaries. Likewise, states have their own codes of criminal system of which numerous intently model the Federal Rules. The Federal Rules consolidate and clarify upon all ensures included inside the U.S. Constitutions Bill of Rights. A couple of the rights ensured to criminal respondents by the Constitution incorporate the certifications of fair treatment and equivalent security under the laws, the option to have legitimate advice present, the option to stand up to witnesses, the privilege to a jury preliminary, and the option to not affirm against oneself. While state constitutions and procedural guidelines may build the security stood to criminal litigants, they may not offer less assurance than that ensured by the U.S. Constitution. As per Freedictionary, policing is to manage, control, or maintain in control with or as though with a law requirement organization and to make (a military zone, for instance) slick in appearance: policed the encampment. Then again, network policing is a way of thinking that advances authoritative methodologies, which bolster the methodical utilization of organizations and critical thinking strategies, to proactively address the prompt conditions that offer ascent to open security issues, for example, wrongdoing, social issue, and dread of wrongdoing. Remedies are a code word. It’s a less tacky word picked to speak to correctional facilities and penitentiaries. For some, experts associated with the equity framework, however, the word speaks to an expectation that the individuals they manage can gain from their slip-ups and come back to society as profitable residents. The historical backdrop of redresses is brimming with different understandings of the reasons for expelling lawbreakers from societya banter that proceeds in todays speculations of amendments. Penology originates from the Latin word poena, discipline and the postfix - logy, investigation of. It is an area of criminology that manages the way of thinking and practice of different social orders in their endeavors to subdue crimes, and fulfill popular assessment by means of a proper treatment system for people indicted for criminal offenses. Moral issues in criminal equity have been tended to on both a philosophical and recorded level. Moral issues have existed according to government, policing and worldwide legislative issues for a considerable length of time. The standard code of morals that law requirement work force and local officials are approached to maintain can regularly be interpreted abstractly by people, bringing about the chance of morally flawed lead. Moral issues with respect to ruthlessness, debasement and off the clock conduct have become an expanding challenge in criminal equity.

Culture, Values and Communications

We live in the humankind of requesting overall apportions. We involve the bent to speak with the people thousands miles separated at the gleam of an eye. Despite the fact that this looks and is, to almost every one of the, a mind blowing matchless quality to be valued, it very well may be for two or three a world bewilderment and exacerbation began by their own perceptions and qualities. These deterrents to culture collection stay alive on account of the manners by which disparate societies ease sharpness and qualities concerning other and themselves.Culture can be delineated as the game plan through which correspondence can be developed and inconsistent. Culture agreements with the way individuals live. Culture is all around read through recognition that is molded in an assortment of ways, where we are conceived and raised, the language we study, the individuals and the environmental factors with which we exist and the psychosomatic prod we discover. Sensibly, with the expectation o f effectively talk with different traditions, we should initially observe the sights to which we vow to perceive the manners in which that we present snags recognize culture variations.Culture as a rule alludes to aides of human clamor and the allegorical courses of action that give such activities hugeness and extent. Societies can be â€Å"understood as characterizations of signs and essence that even their maker’s challenge that is shy of preset limits, that are consistently in vacillation, and that interrelate and fight with one another† Culture can be cleared as all the lifestyles just as expressions, convictions and establishments of an occupants those are affirmed down from age to generation.Culture has been called â€Å"the way of life for an entire human progress. † As such, it contains rules of manners, outfit, language, strict conviction, customs, and games, standards of conduct, for example, law and morals, and plans of conviction just as the workman ship. Extraordinary social orders regularly have subcultures, or groups of gathering with discrete arrangements of habits and convictions that recognize them from a bigger culture of which they are a segment. The subculture might be eccentric in view of the age of its individuals, or by their race, customs, class, or sexual category.The characteristics that set up a subculture as unique might be imaginative, otherworldly, proficient, stubborn, sexual or a blend of these components. Neighborhood societies of the world emerge similarly by domain and ethnic gathering and all the more generally, by greater provincial qualifications. Similarities in culture habitually occur in topographically near to people groups. Numerous territorial societies have been preferential by connect with others, for example, by colonization, exchange, relocation, broad communications, and religion. Culture is dynamic and changes over time.In doing as such, societies draw in outer impacts and correct to modif ying environmental factors and advances. Consequently, culture is dependent on correspondence. Nearby societies adjust quickly with new correspondences and transportation advances that grant for better development of individuals and contemplations among societies. An individual and social worth is a relative ethic esteem, an assumption whereupon execution can be extrapolated. A worth framework is a lot of steady qualities and systems. A standard worth is a base whereupon different standards and methodology of genuineness are based.Values are viewed as inclined and contrast across individuals and societies. Sorts of qualities involve moral/moral standards, doctrinal/ideological (political, strict) values, common qualities, and imaginative qualities. It is discussed whether a few qualities are inalienable. Singular standards create from conditions with the outer world and can modify after some time. His unwavering quality in the use of qualities alludes to its changelessness; people h ave dependability in the event that they relate their qualities fittingly paying little heed to contentions or contrary stronghold from others.Values are applied reasonably when they are handy in the right territory. For instance, it is reasonable to concern strict qualities in the midst of satisfaction and in the midst of devastation. Individual qualities grew right off the bat in life maybe contradicted to alter. They might be subsidiary from those of fastidious gatherings or frameworks, for example, customs, religion, and ideological group. By the by, individual guidelines are not across the board; one's relations, occupants, age and sequential environmental factors help choose one's close to home values.This isn't to absolute that the worth recognitions themselves are not aggregate, just that every individual have a sole root of them I. e. an individual colleague of the reasonable qualities for their individual qualities, habits and aptitudes. Qualities are connected to the trad itions of a human advancement, however they are more expansive and reasonable than standards. Standards are set of laws for deeds specifically conditions, though values perceive what ought to be umpired as fine or horrendous. Flying the national banner on a celebration is a custom, however it uncovers the benefit of loyalty.Wearing dull attire and developing dismal are regulating practices at an interment. They mirror the estimations of worship and continue of partners and family members. Correspondence is the method of cutting to give data from a dispatcher to a beneficiary with the utilization of a methods. Correspondence involves that all gatherings have an area of anticipated congruity. There are aural methods, for example, talking, singing and now and again tenor of voice, and nonverbal, considerable way, for example, non-verbal communication, sign dialect, paralanguage, contact, eye to eye connection, or the utilization of testing.Communication is cleared as a technique by whi ch we apportion and express sense with an end goal to produce shared tolerating. This methodology needs a huge stock of abilities in intrapersonal and relational allotment, tuning in, inspecting, conveying, inquisitive, researching, and evaluating. Utilization of these procedures is formative and moves to all everyday issues living arrangement, school, society, work, and a far distance. It is through correspondence that affiliation and help emerge.

Free Essays on El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos)

El Greco Spanish, 1541 Domenikos Theotokopoulos was conceived †He kicked the bucket in 1614 Domenikos Theotokopoulos, called El Greco, which implies The Greek was conceived in 1541 in Candia , now Irklion, the capital of Crete. In 1566 he was recorded in Candia as an ace painter. He was an intelligent man, whose preference for traditional and contemporaneous writing appears to have created in his childhood. El Greco most likely went to Italy to ace the advanced Western Renaissance style. He is reported in August 1568 in Venice, where he stayed until the harvest time of 1570, when he went to Rome. The rich hues and the free treatment of paint of Venetian painters significantly impacted him, yet there is no proof to help the convention that he was apprenticed to Titian. In Rome, El Greco lived at any rate for some time at the Farnese Palace, where he got familiar with the Farnese administrator, Fulvio Orsini, whose confidence in the similarity of craftsmanship and grant appears to have significantly affected him. In 1572, El Greco was admitted to the Academy of Saint Luke as a scaled down painter. Incapable to acquire significant open commissions in Rome, El Greco marked an agreement in 1576 in Rome for altarpieces for the significant church of Santa Domingo el Antiguo, Toledo. By July 1577 he had shown up in Toledo, and by September 1579 he had finished nine artistic creations for Santo Domingo. These works assisted with setting up his notoriety for being the most talented craftsman in Toledo. The disappointment of Philip II with the Martyrdom of Saint Maurice, which El Greco finished in 1582 for the congregation of El Escorial, successfully finished any expectations of regal support that he may have had. It is maybe thus that he chose to stay in Toledo, where he had interacted with a gathering of educated churchmen who valued his work. By 1585, El Greco seems to have set up a corporate workshop fit for delivering special raised area edges and sculptures just as artistic creations. The decade 1597 to 1607 was ... Free Essays on El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos) Free Essays on El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos) El Greco Spanish, 1541 Domenikos Theotokopoulos was conceived †He kicked the bucket in 1614 Domenikos Theotokopoulos, called El Greco, which implies The Greek was conceived in 1541 in Candia , now Irklion, the capital of Crete. In 1566 he was recorded in Candia as an ace painter. He was a learned man, whose preference for old style and contemporaneous writing appears to have created in his childhood. El Greco likely went to Italy to ace the cutting edge Western Renaissance style. He is archived in August 1568 in Venice, where he stayed until the fall of 1570, when he went to Rome. The rich hues and the free treatment of paint of Venetian painters significantly impacted him, however there is no proof to help the custom that he was apprenticed to Titian. In Rome, El Greco lived in any event for some time at the Farnese Palace, where he got familiar with the Farnese bookkeeper, Fulvio Orsini, whose faith in the similarity of workmanship and grant appears to have significantly impacted him. In 1572, El Greco was admitted to the Academy of Saint Luke as a smaller than expected painter. Incapable to get significant open commissions in Rome, El Greco marked an agreement in 1576 in Rome for altarpieces for the significant church of Santa Domingo el Antiguo, Toledo. By July 1577 he had shown up in Toledo, and by September 1579 he had finished nine compositions for Santo Domingo. These works assisted with building up his notoriety for being the most skilled craftsman in Toledo. The disappointment of Philip II with the Martyrdom of Saint Maurice, which El Greco finished in 1582 for the congregation of El Escorial, successfully finished any expectations of imperial support that he may have had. It is maybe hence that he chose to stay in Toledo, where he had interacted with a gathering of educated churchmen who valued his work. By 1585, El Greco seems to have built up a corporate workshop equipped for creating raised area casings and sculptures just as artworks. The decade 1597 to 1607 was ...

Questions of Reception Uncle Toms Cabin in Contrast to The Lamplighter - Literature Essay Samples

It is the middle of the nineteenth century, and, seemingly by coincidence, two novels, both written by women, are released in close proximity to one another, and each manages to grip tight the American public, and each in their own way becomes extremely popular, revered, and beloved, almost overnight. In the weeks that follow, thousands of copies of each book are sold, as printing presses run day and night just to keep up with the demand. Over the course of mere weeks, hundreds raise their voices, all praising or condemning the works of these two female writers. While a variety of emotions and opinions can be seen in the reviews of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and The Lamplighter by Maria Cummins, there is an undeniable public preference to the story and the feel good emotions that reside within The Lamplighter, while Stowe’s tale of slavery incites far more conflict and negative opinion. These trends in reviews can be seen not only when the reviews discuss plot, but in the views of the characters, the messages and connotations within the stories, and in how the authors themselves are seen. While history proved that Uncle Tom’s Cabin is the novel that stood the test of time and lived on, at the time these pieces were written, Stowe’s writing was considered secondary to the pleasure filled pages of The Lamplighter. Upon analyzing the plots of both Uncle Tom’s Cabin and The Lamplighter, it is evident that the two hold many similarities. Both watch a series of characters face tragedy and trouble, and throughout the years learn lessons and grow closer to God, until, after many a character dies, and many storylines conveniently intertwine, the story ends more or less happily, with the world a wiser and more pious place to live. Despite these similarities, within the reviews of these two tales, many discrepancies and differences of opinion can be found. According to The Boston Atlas, the tale of Gerty and her travels as she comes to age is, â€Å"remarkably happy, natural and lifelike. It’s incidents are probable, and though not remarkably startling, are never tame or commonplace.†(Boston Daily Atlas, 1854), this same review, so positive in looking at the story told by Ms. Cummins, is quick to use this novel to condemn the writings of Ms. Stowe, claiming, â€Å"The Lamplighter is much superior to the well known Uncle Tom’s Cabin, whose intelligences meet us at every turn.†(Boston Daily Atlas, 1854). This sentiment is not an isolated one, often Gerty’s adventures are acclaimed as, â€Å"Instructive and inspiring†(Bangor Daily, 1854) or, â€Å"highly cultivated and refined†(Boston Daily Atlas, 1854), while these same regions previously called the story of Tom and his family, â€Å"crude and diabolical†(National Era, 1853) or, â€Å"barbaric anduntrue†(National Era, 1852). This is not to say that all reviews of Uncle Tom’s Cabin were negative, many sang praise, claiming, â€Å"Here is a miracle!†(National Anti-Slavery Standard, 1852) and, â€Å"it is the prerogative of genius†(National Anti-Slavery Standard, 1852). Many fell in love with the story of Uncle Tom and little Eva, there was a reason it was the most popular book of its time, but there is a large wave of reviews for this piece tha t contain only slander and hate, and this distaste is not seen in a single review of Maria Cummins’s book. The reality was that Uncle Tom, the hero of his story, was a slave, and because of that the unfortunate truth is that single fact alone means that his story could never have been as widely loved at the time as his white opponent in the story of the lamplighter. His only character flaw was the prejudice cast upon him by his audience. The characters of both stories were integral to their successes. It was not the plots nor the lessons in the stories that kept thousands of americans turning the pages, but rather a love and concern for the characters, and what would happen to them as the reader moved closer and closer to the last pages. The unending kindness of both Uncle Tom and Uncle True made it easy for the reader to instantly become enamoured with their stories, and the innocence and godliness of the young girls in the stories make them all the more inspiring and entertaining. But because of these strong characterizations, both Stowe and Cummins were criticized by Putnam’s Monthly and The Boston Atlas, respectively, for being too dependent on their characters, instead of their plot, and relying upon that emotional connection to make their stories successful. As with all art, it is impossible to appease everyone, but it can be seen from the majority of reviews that for both novels, little criticism was gi ven in regards to the characters, with the exception of those viewing the characters solely through a lens of racism, the people of these stories were widely regarded as lovable, inspiring, and remarkable. The lead piece of controversy in reviews both for and against Uncle Tom’s Cabin is unsurprisingly its defense for abolition. Some scream with anger and fear, â€Å"This book will make 20,000 new abolitionists!†(Liberator, 1852) while others exclaim this same phrase with joy. The Liberator claims that this novel was monumental because it created sympathizers out of northerners otherwise uninvolved in the conflict, and was a motivator for those stuck in the middle of the road, previously unable to choose a side. According to the Enquirer, because of Stowe, â€Å" a deeper, powerful, and gigantic sentiment against slavery pervading the country†(10). The foundation of slavery is that those held by chains are lesser than those holding the whips, and by writing about slaves being just as, if not more, loving, compassionate, religious, and generous than their white counterparts, Harriet Beecher Stowe effectively caused that foundation to crumble. This strong stroke caus ed so much uproar and debate that Abraham Lincoln himself, upon meeting Ms. Stowe, smiled and said, â€Å"So, you’re the little lady who started the war.†. Her powers of persuasion caused her audience to split down the middle, either enamored or disgusted by her ability to make compassionate, religious, and overwhelmingly human characters out of slaves. Maria Cummins never made such claims, she had no need to persuade in her story, for it held very little agenda. The Lamplighter was viewed in such a positive light in comparison to Uncle Tom’s Cabin because there is nothing disagreeable about characters trying to be as kind, pious, and loving, as possible. No one is angered by the message that people ought to be nice to one another, it holds none of the controversy that racism and slavery did, and therefore did not require emotionally charged and polarized debate, as Stowe’s message did. Despite these differences in messages and in lessons, both The Lamplighter and Uncle Tom’s Cabin were wildly popular for their time. First Stowe sold, â€Å"160,000 volumes in the brief period of eleven weeks!—a sale unprecedented in the country, in any instance, if not in the whole world.†(Liberator, 1852), but once Cummins released her novel, this record was quickly broken, as, â€Å"Uncle Tom is eclipsed by The Lamplighter, selling 10,000 copies in ten days!†(Bangor Daily, 1854). Cummins sold more copies, and sold them faster than Stowe did, but the significant difference between their sales is the scope of their reach. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was not only popular in the United States, despite being an American novel focused on a specifically American issue, instead, it gained a large amount of popularity across the sea, selling thousands of copies in France, Germany, and England, and was even passed around in secret by many Russian readers as well. On this subject of global popularity, Putnam’s Monthly talked extensively, â€Å" We confess that in the whole modern romance literature of Germany, England and France, we know of no novel to be called equal to this.†(Putnam’s Monthly, 1853), Uncle Tom was a phenomenon, a spark for political debate, as well as religious persuasion and as a source for character analysis, among other conversations. Little Gerty did not hold this same level of importance. Almost every single review of The Lamplighter was from New England, and the only mention found of the book traversing the Pacific, was that it was not held in as high an esteem in France as it was in the States. At the time, Cummins’s book was described as, â€Å"The Great American Romance†(Daily Cleveland Herald, 1854), and it seems that, despite its wildfire spread into the hands and hearts of the American public, the romance more or less remained in America. When pieces of art grow this popular and successful, they are invariably adapted and transformed, and these two novels are no exceptions to this trend. As Stowe’s book reached the height of its popularity, it was adapted into plays, illustrated children’s books, and â€Å"Uncle Tomlitudes†, or songs inspired by the story. On top of this, a variety of sermons and discussions, as well as many strings of letters in newspapers and essays were written in response to the reactions for or against the novel’s message. There was even a short story written, which criticized the popularity of the Uncle Tom plays, called â€Å"Amy Seward’s Temptation†(Youth’s Companion, 1853), which stated that these fun plays drew children away from the church and away from their work. The Lamplighter received much of the same responses, The Bangor Daily wrote on a series of sermons that were being presented centering around Gerty’s story, and essays and c hildren’s versions were once again created, as well as a book of Lamplighter-inspired paper dolls, so young women could dress up Gerty and Emily in all sorts of outfits. As each of these novels were adapted and discussed, their popularity only grew, as their messages reached more and more of the population, taking the country by storm. One facet of these reviews that was surprising upon first glance was the complete lack of gender discrimination in regards to the authors of the novels. Never was it explicitly said that these novels were either better or worse due to them being written by women. All mention of the authors themselves was respectful, and they were often described as, â€Å"highly cultivated and refined, as well as an original and imaginative mind that writes with the ease, the classical correctness of diction, and that choice selection of terms which indicates a good English scholar.†(The Boston Atlas, 1854). Harriet Beecher Stowe’s family was not only well known but well respected, and while for about a month after The Lamplighters first printing its author remained anonymous, there seemed little doubt that it was written by a woman, and the only problem was in regards to her identity, not her gender. The women were revered for their powers of prose and their ability to touch the hearts and minds of the public, and so in this regard no criticism was found. It must be recognised that at the end of the day, criticism is not inherently indicative that a piece of art is inferior, but rather that it is controversial, contested, and deserving of people’s emotions, positive or otherwise. At the time of their publications, Gerty’s tale was far more well-liked than Tom’s, but that did not mean it was in any way of finer quality. In fact, it is not The Lamplighter that is often discussed in literature or history classes, but rather Uncle Tom’s Cabin, because despite people’s disdain for it, in the end it holds far more significance and a true discourse on society, both then and now. While it is easy to love Gery and Emily and their story of finding love and loving God, it is necessary to look at the state of the States presented by the lives of Tom and Eva and all the other characters Stowe carefully crafted to show all angles of the lives of slaves and southerners. Both novels are respectable and fascinating i n their own regard, but Stowe has now eclipsed Cummins, as their books have pushed their ways through the test of time. Looking back on the era both Uncle Tom’s Cabin and The Lamplighter were written and reviewed, it is clear that these novels respectively represented at the time what America needed and what America wanted. Originally, Maria Cummins’s story grew to be more popular, more sought after and more beloved, than Stowe’s, but as the nation edged closer and closer to the Civil War, pleasure progressively faded in importance, and when all was said and done, the story that the nation needed to hear remained strong, living on in infamy as the book that started it all. Works Cited â€Å"Amy Seward’s Temptation.† The Youth’s Companion [Boston, Massachusetts] Mar. 3, 1853. University of Virginia. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. Good God! to think upon a child That has no childish days, No careless play, no frolles wild, No words of prayer and praise! Daily Cleveland Herald [Cleveland, Ohio] 4 Mar. 1854: n.p. 19th Century U.S. Newspapers. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. The Lamplighter Boston. Bangor Daily Whig Courier [Bangor, Maine] 2 Mar. 1854: n.p. 19th Century U.S. Newspapers. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. The Lamplighter. Boston Daily Atlas [Boston, Massachusetts] 24 Feb. 1854: n.p. 19th Century U.S. Newspapers. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. â€Å"Letter From New York† National Era. [Washington, DC] Jul. 1, 1852. University of Virginia. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. Multiple Classified Advertisements. Boston Daily Atlas [Boston, Massachusetts] 3 Mar. 1854: n.p. 19th Century U.S. Newspapers. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. Multiple Classified Advertisements. Bangor Daily Whig Courier [Bangor, Maine] 1 Mar. 1854: n.p. 19th Century U.S. Newspapers. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. â€Å"Notices† The Liberator. [Boston, Massachusetts] Jun. 11, 1853. University of Virginia. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. â€Å"Uncle Tomlitudes.† Putnam’s Monthly Magazine [New York, New York] Jan. 1853. University of Virginia. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. â€Å"Unsigned Notice.† The New York Times. [New York, New York] Mar. 1, 1853. University of Virginia. Web. 26 Oct. 2016.

The Negative Consequences of Discipline - 1836 Words

One of the fundamental responsibilities of schools is to keep its students and teachers safe from harm and violence. Over the years, this has meant applying zero tolerance policies, which have encouraged and led to overcriminalization and the over-intervention of the juvenile justice system. This correlation between zero tolerance measures and the justice system has been termed â€Å"school-to-prison-pipeline†. Zero tolerance has, for the most part, worked; but do we like how it has worked? Although this policy has some benefits, its biggest flaw is that it is disproportionately applied to minorities, a trend that is largely reflected and reinforced in policies. From a legal perspective, many questions are raised as to the constitutionality of applying punitive disciplinary measures to students, seeing that expulsions and suspensions prohibit and limit student access to education. Consequently, micro-level disciplinary alternatives have been developed, which aim to rehabilitat e â€Å"offenders† rather than punish them. These alternatives offer a balance between discipline and the risk of overcriminalization, and include counseling, anger management sessions, victim-offender mediation, and peer judiciaries. One central question that is raised throughout this discussion is the objective of the discipline; whether disciplinary measures should be used to punish or embarrass students, or whether it needs to reinforce and teach them why their behavior is wrong. This then relates to theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Proven Methods Of Child Discipline1465 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach this task correctly? Using proven methods of discipline through reasoning, positive and negative reinforcement, and observational learning one can effectively discipline their children without risking damage to the child’s social and moral development. 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A Decade Of Conflict, Conformity And Culture - 2821 Words

A DECADE OF CONFLICT, CONFORMITY AND CULTURE The era of the 1920s has been depicted as the Roaring Twenties, a time of glamour and glitter with the rise of parties, the dance of the â€Å"flappers,† the culture of the Jazz Age, and the consumption of pleasures and indulgence in leisure. But the 1920s were more than just the trend of looking good or listening to the blues, it was also a time of conflict, the fight and struggles of women and race, amongst others. By reading two distinct focuses of the after war era, the period could be thoroughly discussed and presented for what it really was, what events really followed, from the excitement of the envisioned grand parties to the underlying issues that lay beneath the â€Å"roar† of the twenties. Anything Goes: A Bibliography of the Roaring Twenties by Lucy Moore and The Modern Temper by Lynn Dumenil are two books that wonderfully captures the essence of the 1920s, with two different texts that hold a different point of view of the era to effectively highlight the important events and characters of the time. Moore focused on the icons that made up the decade, giving her subjective survey of the principal occurrences and characters of the time that depicts The Roaring Twenties as the age of iconic events and people, of talismanic names and episodes that which she openly explores. She gives her perspective on the fascination of the 1920s rather than the catastrophes of it, which is exactly what Dumnil highlights in her own book. TheShow MoreRelatedPleasantville Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences regarding America in the 1950s to modern America is culture. The movie â€Å"Pleasantville† reflects much of these cultural differences from 1950s to today in a creative and thoughtful way. It also provides much useful insight into the cultural conflicts America faced throughout the 1950s. The many differences between 1950s culture and modern day culture, my own opinion which time period I would personally choose to live in and cultural conflicts of the 1950s will be discussed throughout this essay. Read MoreThe 1950s : A Decade Of Prosperity, Conformity, And Consensus1470 Words   |  6 Pagesportray the 1950’s as a decade of prosperity, conformity, and consensus, and the 1960’s as a decade of turbulence, protest, and disillusionment. Do you agree or disagree with this view? Show evidence to support your argument. With the overwhelming amount of Levittown houses, the obsession to obtain the perfect American â€Å"ideal family† as seen on TV and the unspoken agreement to fear any and all foreign ideas and values, the 1950s were revealed to be a decade of prosperity, conformity and consensus. JustRead More Spanning Two Decade?s:The 50?s to the 60?s Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pages50’s to the 60’s Similar? Or Distinctly different? â€Å"The postwar years are remembered as a time of affluence, consumerism, conformity, and stability, a time when American enjoyed an optimistic faith in progress and technology.†(Heretta, pg.779) These words best describe the decade that Americas experienced in the 1950’s. It was age of dad’s always-right attitude and a culture that was family centered. The standard of living for American’s was the best in the world. 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During socialization, children will acquire attitudes, norms, values, behaviors, personalities, etc. within agencies of socialization, which were described as â€Å"Agencies of socializationRead MoreChinese Culture1223 Words   |  5 PagesSocialization ------ American Born Chinese Children under Chinese Culture According to the American Heritage Dictionary, socialization is the process of learning interpersonal and interactional skills that are in conformity with the values of one s society (American Heritage). It is a process of learning culture. During socialization, children will acquire attitudes, norms, values, behaviors, personalities, etc. within agencies of socialization, which were described as Agencies of socializationRead More 1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye    J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is a remarkable book that gives readers a unique and perhaps gloomy perspective of the 1950s through Holden Caulfield, a cynical and peculiar teenager. Through The Catcher in the Rye Salinger describes important aspects of the 1950s. Salinger emphasizes several key characteristics of the 50s and criticizes them through Holden. In addition, Holden Caulfield is a very interesting character withRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1412 Words   |  6 Pagesthe board version of the Skinnerian to be rooted for learning theories. These theories have the potential to organize much of our knowledge about criminal behaviors. 2. According to Brown, Esbensen Geis, social control, like learning and culture conflict theories, revolves around the socializing process. ( pg. 334) This quote helps to explain how social control is like learning and a cultural theories is to be resolve around the process of socializing process. Based on these theories there hasRead MoreCathy Song Paper1246 Words   |  5 Pagesable to provide what her homeland could not. Cathy Song wrote â€Å"Lost Sister† in 1983. This poem has deep connections to Song’s ties to her Asian culture. Cathy song was born and raised in Hawaii however her Asian roots influence many of her poems including â€Å"Lost Sister†. This poem deals directly with the culture clash of two separate worlds, Chinese culture and the shift to an American way of life. â€Å"Lost Sister† is a five-stanza two part poem which depicts two very different worlds. Traditional ChinaRead MoreWhat is Deviance? Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesabsence of conformity to the social norm. Not all deviant behavior is necessarily illegal or harmful to individuals, these behaviors can range from standing in another’s personal space to murdering another individual. In some cases, it can be looked upon as a positive change or a unique and favorable act. Although, considered deviant because it is not the social norm, it still can have a very positive social aspect or lead to social change. Culture and the societies within these cultures have a significant

Dubai free essay sample

Harvard Business Review On Corporate Strategy Page 4 Google Books Result books. google. com/books? isbn=1578511429 C. K. Prahalad 1999 Business Economics (See the exhibit â€Å"The Triangle of Corporate Strategy. †) The resources that provide the basis for corporate advantage range along a continuum—from the highly Creating Corporate Advantage Harvard Business Review hbr. org/1998/05/creating-corporate-advantage/ar/1 Great corporate strategies come in the first instance from strength in each side of the triangle: high-quality rather than pedestrian resources, strong market Corporate Level Strategy: Theory and Applications Page 2 Google Books Result books. google. com/books? isbn=0203844521 Olivier Furrer 2010 Business Economics This framework can be represented graphically as the corporate strategy triangle (see Figure 1. 1). In this framework, the three sides of the triangle—resources, Business Strategy Blog: Newell Company: Corporate Strategy deepakbusinessstrategy. blogspot. com/ /newell-company-corporate-strateg Feb 20, 2011 – Use the Corporate Strategy Triangle to evaluate Newells corporate strategy. Do you think this corporate strategy is effective? Newells goal is to The Triangle of Corporate Strategy | Business Entrepreneurship yourbusiness. We will write a custom essay sample on Dubai or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page azcentral. com/triangle-corporate-strategy-16752. html Making the sum of the parts greater than the whole is not necessarily a magicians sleight of hand. The Triangle of Corporate Strategy is a management model [PDF]corporate strategy in turbulent environments IESE Business School www. iese. edu/research/pdfs/DI-0623-E. pdf by AA Caldart 2006 Cited by 6 Related articles The Corporate Strategy Triangle (Caldart and Ricart, 2004) is a dynamic . The data collection process was framed by the Corporate Strategy Triangle. [PPT]Chapter Note 1 www. csun. edu/~dn58412/IS655/chapter1. ppt Define and explain the Information Systems Strategy Triangle. Dells mission is to be the most successful computer company in the world at delivering the best Searches related to corporate strategy triangle corporate advantage what constitutes a good corporate strategy and why develop corporate strategy key elements of corporate strategy corporate level strategies examples creating corporate advantage list three directional strategies

No Child Left Behind an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

No Child Left Behind The legislation of Public Law 107-110 more popularly referred to as No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 is an effort to recognize the significance of education as national and social issue. Ideologically, there is little doubt of the relevance of the value of instituting educational systems and standards that ensure access of education without discrimination. According to Kahlenberg (2003), social developments are challenging educational systems not only to ensure learning but also to ensure productivity and social participation. The provisions recognize the unique educational challenges presented by the need to improve educational standards for students, educators, levels of proficiency, creating social relevance, developing partnerships with parents and the community, recognizing cultural and ethnic heritage, revising laws, statutes and provisions and developing flexibility and accountability in education (US Department of Education, 2004) Need essay sample on "No Child Left Behind" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed However, there has been significance critic regarding the NCLB. In general, the core of the concern is about the failure of the NCLB program to effect the changes in education it has promised. Worse, there are criticisms that it has in fact has deterred access to quality education (Houston, 2007). An evaluation of the issue creates a realization that educational reform entails more than legislation but requires that they can be operational in actual settings (Pennington, 2007). The objective of this paper is not to deny the importance or urgency of the objectives of NCLB, however this research will provide evidence that it has not been able to deliver the reforms it envisioned and that there is a need to amend the act substantially if it is to be effective (Noll, 2005). Issues and Concerns NCLB is characterized as an outcome-based: by setting high targets, educational programs will be more effective (Allen et al, 2007). For the past twenty years, there has been an active effort to develop social institutions that recognize and respond to social, economic and political factors that affect learning strategies, educational programs and access to these programs (US Department of Education, 2004). Earlier, concerns were primarily socio-economic in nature and in recent years, culture and ethnicity have come to the forefront. The primary motivation behind the program is to ensure access to education and to allow schools to develop strategies to improve performance and feasibility of education programs (Johnson, 2001). Funding One of the primary issues raised against NCLB has been in failure of funding leaving programs not fully implemented, it at all. The federal government has been the most criticizes regarding the issue that has already had a history of not prioritizing education spending (Nelson & Jones, 2007). The dependency on federal funding for the NCLB programs developed from declining tax revenues and the institution of federal standards for students and educators. Furthermore, Pennington (2007) points out that the though the act was an administration sponsored legislation, the President nor the Senate have actually requested the funds as provided (Cooper, 2007). The reality is that local governments do not have the capacity to support the NCLB which in turn has created the requirements for education reform but not the means to meet them (Noll, 2005). On a psychological level, the lack funding enforces the idea that the reforms to for implementation are not considered urgent contrary to the original premise of the legislation. There is also fear that the provisions of NCLB are prompting a spiraling deterioration in educational institutions. Consider this scenario according to the provisions of the NCLB, schools that have performed well according to its standards are afforded better funding as incentive. However, failure to meet standards of performance do not provide for support programs and thus, schools who are already facing significant stress may further be disadvantaged (Chubb, 2007). Social Conflicts NCLB has also been criticized to violate the state, privacy and social equity. Education has traditionally been state-managed but since NCLB is federal legislation, states have to comply with the provisions whether it is applicable to them or not and whether they have the means to implement it. The states recognize the ideological value of the NCLB but point out that states should be reserved the right to choose what provisions are to be implemented (Noll, 2005). This is not just to support the power of the state over education legislation but also to uphold the constitution that provides no foundation for federal legislation on the issue. Another issue is the provision of the NCLB recognizing religious groups as educators, making the eligible for public funding. Though the provision can be considered as an effort to recognize these groups, it also raises the question of the separation of church and state (Lewis, 2007). An issue raised regarding privacy has stemmed from the provisions in section 9528 that requires that military recruitment programs be considered as institutions of higher education. This provides them access to the personal information of all students without the need to inform parents except if they have directly opted out from it. Questions regarding the method of dividing resources are also a concern (Gingrich, 2006). The NCLBs punitive measures for schools that fail to meet its requirements and if they are able to meet the standards, the incentive is to have performance expectations set lower. In the first scenario, it is viewed that schools with problems will be left with even less competency to meet requirements while in the latter scenario, lowering of expectations encourages slacking off from standards or not having sustainable programs (Lang & Wilkinson, 2000). Standardization of Education Another major issue is with regard to implementation of standardized programs and education assessments. The critique is that it leaves no flexibility in terms of recognizing social conditions, culture or ethnicity among others in education (Chubb, 2007). At the same time, there are fears that focus on the standardized tests will not allow for collaborative classroom experience (American Association of School Administrators, 1991). Advocates of the program, reason that NCLB is able to accomplish this by setting non-discriminatory standards in assessment. However, the critiques are that the program does not consider the setting of issues or the availability of the programs in the state. The issue raised in particular with native language assessment that requires a proficiency exam before taking and English proficiency exam (Vance, 2004). Currently, not more than ten sates have the programs in place and the majority of these programs limited to Spanish proficiency testing. The NCLBs focus on math and reading as standards of performance also raise concerns regarding the limitation it sets on students overall curricula. At the same time, since the NCLB provides that states are able to design their own standards of testing then this may motivate states to insufficiently test students because of the punitive measures and impact of funding (Lang & Wilkinson, 2000). Another social issue related to standardize testing that persists is the perceived cultural bias. It has been established that standardized test by nature can not accommodate fully for cultural idiosyncrasies, learning disabilities and other conditions that preclude students from the majority of students (Vance, 2004). Conclusion The issue of education is one that will always encourage significant debate because of social significance and impact (Pennington, 2007). There is no doubt that the NCLB is an effort to create better access to education and to create programs that are sensitive and responsive to the developing needs of society. There is also no doubt that many of its provisions have proven to be problematic when applied. Beyond the administrative, social and operational concerns of the program, there should be recognition that the program creates a platform for abuse, corruption and ironically, the deterioration of educational standards (Noll, 2005). Therefore, this paper concludes that the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 has not been bale to raise the quality of education comprehensively and neither will the current provisions be able to do so (Cooper, 2007). Thus, many of its initial proponents, like Ted Kennedy now, ironically, opposing further implementation (Lewis, 2007). There is recognition that the abandonment of the support to the program may also have its political motivations but the lack of significant impact seems to support the idea that the program has not been able to live up to its promise (Butzin, 2007). Failures in implementation and operation have created political divergence concerning not only NCLB but also the federal education program in general (Gingrich, 2006). There should be a realization that reforms have to be operationally viable and effective. In conclusion, the failure of the Act is not because the concerns are not valid but it has failed because of the lack of administrative and operational foresight in implementing the programs that has rendered the programs futile if not a deterrent to its own objectives. References Allen, JoBeth, Altwerger, Bess, Edelsky, Carole, Larson, Joanne et al. (2007). Taking a Stand on NCLB. Language Arts, 84(5), 456-464. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from Research Library database, Document ID: 1272627141 American Association of School Administrators (1991). Learning Styles: Putting Research and Common Sense into Practice. Arlington, VA: American Association of School Administrators Butzin, Sarah M. (2007). NCLB: Fix It, Don`t Nix It. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(10), 768-769. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from Research Library database, Document ID: 1287129691 Chubb, John E. (2007). Confluence Is a Cure: A Reply to `Edison Is the Symptom, NCLB Is the Disease`. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(6), 444-450. Retrieved August 8, 2007, from Research Library database, Document ID: 1227801271

Linguistic Arbitrariness

Linguistic Arbitrariness In linguistics, arbitrariness  is the absence of any natural or necessary connection between a words meaning and its sound or form. An antithesis to  sound symbolism, which does exhibit an apparent connection between sound and sense, arbitrariness is one of the characteristics shared between all languages. As R.L. Trask points out in ​Language: The Basics: the overwhelming presence of arbitrariness in language is the chief reason it takes so long to learn the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹vocabulary  of a foreign language. This is largely due to confusion over similar-sounding words in a secondary language.​ Trask goes on to use the example of trying to guess the names of creatures in a foreign language based on the sound and form alone, providing a list of Basque words - zaldi, igel, txori, oilo, behi, sagu, which mean horse, frog, bird, hen, cow, and mouse respectively - then observing that arbitrariness is not unique to humans but instead exists within all forms of communication.   Language Is Arbitrary   Therefore, all language can be assumed to be arbitrary, at least in this linguistic definition of the word, despite occasional iconic characteristics. Instead of universal rules and uniformity, then, language relies on associations of word meanings deriving from cultural conventions. To break this concept down further, linguist Edward Finegan wrote in Language: Its Structure and Use  about the difference between nonarbitrary and arbitrary semiotic signs through an observation of a mother and son burning rice. Imagine a parent trying to catch a few minutes of the televised evening news while preparing dinner, he writes. Suddenly a strong aroma of burning rice wafts into the TV room. This nonarbitrary sign  will send the parent scurrying to salvage dinner. The little boy, he posits, might also signal to his mother that the rice is burning by saying something like The rice is burning! However, Finegan argues that while the utterance is likely to elicit the same result of the mother checking on her cooking, the words themselves are arbitrary - it is a set of facts about  English  (not about burning rice) that enables the utterance to alert the parent, which makes the utterance an arbitrary  sign. Different Languages, Different Conventions As a result of languages reliance on cultural conventions, different languages naturally have different conventions, that can and do change - which is part of the reason that there are different languages in the first place! Second language learners must, therefore, learn each new word individually as its generally impossible to guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word - even when given clues to the words meaning.   Even linguistic rules are considered to be slightly arbitrary. However, Timothy Endicott writes in ​The Value of Vagueness that: with all norms of language, there is a good reason to have such norms for the use of words in such ways. That good reason is that it is actually necessary to do so to achieve the coordination that enables communication, self-expression and all the other priceless benefits of having a language.

Interview of a Legal Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview of a Legal Professional - Essay Example iates of legal staff will be less†¦few and few rather in the years to come, and there is a glad of attorneys as well, and the laws schools are graduating too many attorneys who find that there are no good employments when they come out of school. The interview reveals that many professionals develop interest in certain occupations during their childhood and dedicate efforts to living their dreams. The interviewee prefer the kind of jobs that give them the opportunity to grow professionally and attain personal or rather professional satisfaction. Attorneys interact with people of different kinds making their work flexible (Fede, 2012). People who want to pursue a career in this profession are required to have a degree in legal studies, attend law school and pass a bar exam in the state they chose to practice law in. Their educational qualification must also be bolstered by professional ethics including ability to act honorably, good faith, as well as work in the best interests of the grantor in any legal case. The American law is extensive, a factor that makes Malilo accentuate the ability to read and communicate effectively for any one intending to be an attorney. An expansive review of literatures from the law field and reviewing of vindicated legal cases acquaints one with information required in arguing for the positive and negative sides of a case. The aptitude and capability to interact and relate with people is also essential to an attorney considering the sheer fact that they incessantly interact with professional and non-professional individuals in the course of their professional duties (Lisnek, 2010). Their duties range from researching laws and case studies the legal service field to preparing and presenting cases to a juge in the court system. Moreover, an attorney has the duty and supposition to observe and preserve the interests of the adversary, client, and legal system. Workers in this field require a law degree and to pass a bar exam to

Design option evaluation report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design option evaluation report - Essay Example Moreover, direct radiation are normally scattered by the atmosphere (Heard, 2006). Alterations of temperature have been depicted to appreciably affect reaction speed for particular trace compounds. Facts that strongly influence the design of a smog chamber and its corresponding auxiliaries for studying reactions under diverse simulated tropospheric conditions are mainly concentration of chemicals and temperature. Low concentration of members within the chemical reactions presents both analytical complications and stringent demands on the underlying cleanliness of the air utilized to make up the reaction mixture (Burrows, Borrell & Platt, 2011). Humidity ought to be controlled. The materials of construction ought not to introduce appreciable concentrations of impurities or react with the existing components of the reaction mixture (Heard, 2006). The radiation sources employed for irradiation of the smog chamber contents ought to simulate the intensity and peculiar distribution existing within the lower troposphere in the spectral locations and corresponding temporal distributions in the reaction chamber ought to be as even as feasible. In China, some small volume smog chambers have been developed to study gas-phase kinetic mechanisms, which precisely temperature controlled indoor smog chamber made of FEP Teflon film to study the SOA formation. Nevertheless,the small volumes of these smog chambers impact the disadvantage of relatively large wall effects thus making it cumbersome for the experiments of long durations. There exist numerous means to study photochemical smog, with the most common one being utilizing data from a smog chamber to establish a reaction model (Burrows, Borrell & Platt, 2011). Smog chamber facility is utilized to excite atmosphere photochemical reactions processes through irradiating primary pollutants namely NOz and corresponding hydrocarbons within the chamber. In 1952, a serious case of

Corporate & Global Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate & Global Strategy - Case Study Example The study made three important findings. Firstly, Tesco unlike the competitors is focused on cost leadership, generic focus and product differentiation. This has become part of the company's culture. To the company lower cost does not mean lower quality. Secondly, the company's management emphasizes on its core values, lay emphasis on product differentiation and lower cost; that is using the cash cows and stars to reduce the company's question marks. Also, it has been argued in this paper that, the company should enter into exclusive long term relationship with suppliers, co-branding with celebrity, artist and designers to create a unique product. It should be so, because taking a lead of innovation might mean innovation in branding, innovation in product variation and innovation in other formats. Andrews (1997: p. 52) defines corporate strategy as "the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objectives, purposes, or goals, produces the principal policies and plans for achieving those goals, and defines the range of business the company is to pursue, the kind of economic and human organisation it is or intends to be and the nature of the economic and non-economic contribution it intends to make to its shareholders, employees, customers, and communities". Corporate strategy in effect maps out the businesses in which an organisation intends to compete in a way that focuses resources to convert distinctive capabilities into competitive advantage. (Andrews, 1997). In the present challenging context of today's global competition, businesses and firms no-longer compete as individual companies but try to corporate with other businesses in their activities (Wu & Chien 2007:2). Kanter (1995:71) on his work on "Mastering Change" argues that success in the present day business is not for those companies that re-engineer the way they do things, or for those fixing the past. According to Kanter (1995) such an action will not constitute an adequate response. 1.1TESCO Corporate Strategy This paper focuses on the corporate strategy of TESCO. Founded by Jack Cohen in 1919, Tesco Plc today, has established itself as the largest super store in Europe. According to the company 2007 corporate report and the website, Tesco PLC is an international retailer. Tesco principal activities include food retailing having over 2,000 stores in the United Kingdom. The company also has stores and retail outlet in other countries like the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan and China (Tesco 2006 Review). Tesco operates 165 International Express stores. In addition it operates 39 stores in China, 111 in Japan, 13 in Malaysia, 62 in South Korea, 6 in Taiwan, 219 in Thailand, 35 in Czech Republic, 87 in Hungary, 105 in Poland, 91 in Republic of Ireland, 37 in Slovakia and 8 in Turkey. (Tesco Annual Review, 2006). It therefore operates

The Individual versus Society in the Scarlet Letter Essay -- essays re

The Individual vs. Society in the Scarlet Letter The society we live in today grants us a variety of freedoms. No one tells us how to think or what to believe in. We decide what clothes to wear, what to do on Sundays and our religion – with no law to persuade us. These permissive decisions would not be looked highly upon in stern Puritan Society. There is no sense of individualism in 1600s Salem because laws envelop every bit of human society. With all these severe rules in place, there are bound to be rebellious actions. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne addresses the theme of an individual’s struggle against society by implementing three symbols: the wild roses, the scarlet letter and Pearl. In the beginning of the novel, Hawthorne describes a wild and saintly rose-bush next to the prison. This rose-bush, by some odd occurrence, has stood the test of time and all of man’s activities. Even with all of society’s hideous constructions, such as the ugly and rusty prison door, it is still blooming and well. â€Å"But on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne 35). A reference to Anne Hutchinson is another reason why this rose bush is a symbol of an individual’s struggle against society. Hawthorne recognizes Anne as one of the possible reasons why the rose-bush sprang up next to the prison. â€Å"†¦or whether, as there is far authority for believing, it had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson as she entered t he prison-door, we shall not take upon us to determine† (Hawthorne 36). Hawthorne bestows Hutchinson becaus... ... temper. â€Å"Pearl felt the sentiment, and requited it with the bitterest hatred that can be supposed to rankle in a childish bosom† (Hawthorne 71). In addition to ridicule, society, suspecting Pearl is evil and of demon origins, tries to separate her and Hester but to no avail. The harshness of Puritan Society in The Scarlet Letter is opposed by the rose-bush, the letter â€Å"A† and Hester’s illegitimate child. By utilizing these three symbols, Hawthorne demonstrates the resistance of the individual opposing the society. Because as long as there’s society, people, in someway or another, will always attempt to rebel against it. These actions can either be welcomed or reviled but opposition to society’s conformity is essential to our individualism and our uniqueness. Without any type of resistance, we would cease to be distinct and our sole identity would be lost forever.

Internet Cafe Business Plan

An Internet cafe or cybercafe is a place which provides internet access to the public, usually for a fee. These businesses usually provide snacks and drinks, hence the cafe in the name. The fee for using a computer is usually charged as a time-based rate. Internet cafes are a natural evolution of the traditional cafe. Cafes started as places for information exchange, and have always been used as places to read the paper, send postcards home, play traditional or electronic games, chat to friends, find out local information. Cafes have also been in the forefront of promoting new technologies. Internet cafes are located worldwide, and many people use them when traveling to access webmail and instant messaging services to keep in touch with family and friends. Apart from travelers, in many developing countries Internet cafes are the primary form of Internet access for citizens as a shared-access model is more affordable than personal ownership of equipment and/or software. A variation on the Internet cafe business model is the LAN gaming center, used for multiplayer gaming. These cafes have several computer stations connected to a LAN. The connected computers are custom-assembled for gameplay, supporting popular multiplayer games. This is reducing the need for video arcades and arcade games, many of which are being closed down or merged into Internet cafes. The use of Internet cafes for multiplayer gaming is particularly popular in certain areas of Asia like China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea and The Philippines. In some countries, since practically all LAN gaming centers also offer Internet access, the terms net cafe and LAN gaming center have become interchangeable. Again, this shared-access model is more affordable than personal ownership of equipment and/or software, specially since games often require high end and expensive PC's. There are also Internet kiosks, Internet access points in public places like public libraries, airport halls, sometimes just for brief use while standing. Many hotels, resorts, and cruise ships offer Internet access for the convenience of their guests; this can take various forms, such as in-room wireless access, or a web browser that uses the in-room television set for its display (usually in his case the hotel provides a wireless keyboard on the assumption that the guest will use it from the bed), or computer(s) that guests can use, either in the lobby or in a business center. As with telephone service, in the US most mid-price hotels offer Internet access from a computer in the lobby to registered guests without charging an additional fee, while fancier hotels are more likely to charge for the use of a computer in their â€Å"business center. For those traveling by road in North America, many truck stops have Internet kiosks, for which a typical charge is around 20 cents per minute. Internet cafes come in a wide range of styles, reflecting their location, main clientele, and sometimes, the social agenda of the proprietors. In the early days they were important in projecting the image of the Internet as a ‘cool' phenomena. Building up an internet cafe seems so easy from outside. It feels as if one just needs to pull some chairs and tables, few computers and an internet networking system, and here goes the flourishing business. One has to take many steps and decisions to make his business successful. It needs a lot of patience, administrative quality and leadership skills to maintain an internet cafe. Running an internet cafe is quite challenging job as you have to deal with the employs, customers, the safety on internet, environment of the cafe and the quality of internet. One has to satisfy everyone, has to keep an eye on because there is lot of competition in this field too. It might difficult at the beginning, because there were not many resources. But nowadays, with the invention of high technological efficient internet cafe software, it has been quite little easy for the internet cafe owners to take care of all their duties. A lot of burden has been raised from their shoulders. Having a check on the customers activities as the cyber crime rate is getting sky high, blocking of different sites that are harmful for the environment of the viewers and giving a homely environment to users, are some of the various advantages that one can achieve using the internet cafe software. Moreover to these advantages, internet cafe software also accelerates the speed of internet. It makes the users feel contented while using the internet in cafe as it increases the downloading speed and improves the quality of internet. Due to all above discussed reasons the work of cafe owners has become trouble-free and convenient. The customers are attracted towards the cafes due to their better performance and professional environment. As the environment is professional, it does not fascinate only one class of people, it caters to the need of people of every age. As Internet access is in increasing demand, many pubs, bars and cafes have terminals, so the distinction between the Internet cafe and normal cafe is eroded. In some, particularly European countries, the number of pure Internet cafes is decreasing since more and more normal cafes offer the same services. However, there are European countries where the total number of publicly accessible terminals is also decreasing. An example of such a country is Germany. The cause of this development is a combination of complicated regulation, relatively high Internet penetration rates, the widespread use of notebooks and PDAs and the relatively high number of WLAN hotspots. Many pubs, bars and cafes in Germany offer WLAN, but no terminals since the Internet cafe regulations do not apply if no terminal is offered. Additionally, the use of Internet cafes for multiplayer gaming is very difficult in Germany since the Internet cafe regulations and a second type of regulations which was originally established for video arcade centers applies to this kind of Internet cafes. It is, for example, forbidden for people under the age of 18 to enter such an Internet cafe, although particularly people under 18 are an important group of customers for this type of Internet cafe. In Asia, gaming is very popular at the Internet Cafes. This popularity has helped create a strong demand and a sustainable revenue model for most Internet cafes. With growing popularity, there also comes with this a responsibility as well. In fighting for competitive market share, the Internet cafes have started charging less and hence are adopting alternate means to maximize revenue. This includes selling food, beverages, game and telephone cards to its patrons. Today in the Philippines, the net cafe business has even expanded to online gaming to which most net cafe owners admit rakes in the bigger share of their monthly revenues. Then, there’s the local chain of net cafes like Netopia and Station 168 that’s been mushrooming all over the country. So it looks like putting up an internet cafe is still a viable business. But, and that’s a big BUT, take into consideration several factors that will spell the success or failure of your business venture. As the popularity of the Internet continues to grow here in Philippines specifically here in Albay, easy and affordable access is quickly becoming a necessity of life. We will provide communities with the ability to access the Internet, enjoying it with snacks we offer, and share Internet experiences in a comfortable environment. People of all ages and backgrounds will come to enjoy the unique, upscale, educational, and innovative environment that we will be provided provides. Internet Cafe Business Plan The Integration of Computer in Manufacturing Business Executive Summary â€Å"Computer-integrated Manufacturing is the integration of total manufacturing enterprise by using integrated systems and data communication coupled with new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personnel efficiency. † This is according to Erhums. This system helps to reduce problems regarding to the manufacturing of products with the help of the implementation of computers. This strategy helps to improve the performance of manufacturing.It is implemented to satisfy the needs and demands for a productivity enhancement and higher quality products with fewer errors in production process. This paper discusses about the help provided by the computer-integrated manufacturing in various business. It also states here the illustration of the key issues of the integration and adaptability of CIM. In addition, a new framework has been proposed in this paper for the design and implementation of CIM. Introduction Business has so many things to consider. And one of it is how will you increase efficiency and enhance productivity with fewer errors.Before, the only way to manufacture products is through manual approach wherein there is a possibility of wrongdoings which may lead to business failures. But since advanced technology has been developed, it will be a very big advantage in the field of manufacturing business. It focuses on producing products in its most favorable condition, and at the same time, guaranteeing high quality, low costs, high flexibility and even smaller production quantity. Computer-integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is concerned with the integration of the business, engineering and manufacturing processes of an enterprise.It helps the enterprise to achieve and maintain a competitive edge in the manufacturing marketplace. Over a period of time, factory owners have integrated computer systems in order to control the entire production process. This is done by taking the design, analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting, inventory control and distribution departments and interlink them with the factory floor, material handling, and management departments. This system will have an impact on every system within the factory.This paper focuses on the integration of computer in the manufacturing process. This is an area of significant importance of computer application which is inclined to the field of Information Technology in business. Literature Review According to the US National Research Council, CIM improves production productivity by 40 to 70 percent as well as enhances engineering productivity and quality. CIM can also decreases design costs by 15 to 3o percent, reduce overall lead time by 20 to 60 percent, and cut work-in-process inventory by 30 to 60 percent.Managers who use CIM believe that there is a direct relationship between the efficiency of information management and the efficiency and the overall effectiveness of the ma nufacturing enterprise. Thacker’s view is that many CIM programs focus attention on the efficiency of information management and the manufacturing machines, material transformation processes, manufacturing management process, and production facilities. Computer-integrated Manufacturing can be applied to manufacturing organizations by changing the manufacturing focus toward a service orientation.CIM and Job Definition Format (JDFF) are becoming increasingly beneficial to printing companies to streamline their production process. A better understanding of manager’s needs would help systems develop recognize the emerging opportunities for creative use of information technology, and implement necessary changes. Methodology Computer-integrated Manufacturing is the system used to describe the full automation of manufacturing plant, with all processes functioning under computer control and digital information on tying team together.This system was promoted by machine tool man ufactures in the 1980’s and the society for Manufacturing Engineers. It is not the same as a â€Å"lights-out† factory wherein it will run completely independent of human intervention. The hearts of CIM are the Computer-aided design (CAD) and Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM). These systems are essential in reducing cycle times in the organization. Functional requirements must be compared to the current inventory of systems and available technologies to identify the accessibility of the system.According to Jorgensen and Krause, there are techniques that is being used in satisfying system requirements which includes utilizing unused and available functional capabilities of current systems; identifying functional capabilities but not currently in house; recognizing state-of-the-art technology that is not immediately commercially available on a system; foreseeing functional capabilities of systems on the technical horizon; and identifying whether the requirement is beyon d the capabilities of systems on the technical horizon. StudyComputer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) system is simply the manipulation of computers in manufacturing products or other activities where final products or other activities are the main concern of this system. CIM has a big role regarding to the development of a product concept that may exist in the marketing organization which includes product design and specification, commonly the responsibility of an engineering organization; and its extension through production into delivery and after-sales activities that reside in a field service or sales organization.CIM systems had come into view as an outcome of the developments in manufacturing and computer technology. This integrated computer aided manufacturing system, operates on both hardware and software. The software is simply what runs the factory or it is the brain of the factory. And the hardware is what makes the machine functions or run, or simply hardware is the musc le of the factory. These systems run on efficient output process. This means that the hardware and software works in the factory together. They should be not separated because as a unified unit, it operates for the peak benefit of the whole factory.CIM system divided every individual â€Å"center† of the factory into work cells. As work cells, they are then divided into individual stations. He stations are the broken down to the individual processes and this process are what metamorphosis that raw materials into actual product. It may sound interweaving, but it streamlines the whole manufacturing process. This also allows the operations to change any necessary things that should be altered to the system without shutting down the whole system. In this way, optimizing production and its good quality will be highly obtained.Analysis In spite of all the positive outcomes of the computer-integrated manufacturing system, there are also problems or key issues arose that needs to be ponder carefully such as the equipment incompatibility and difficulty of integration of protocols. The integration of different brand equipment controllers with robots, conveyors and supervisory controllers is a time-consuming task with a lot of pitfalls. In other words, the time required for software, hardware, communications and integration and large investment cannot be financially justified easily.Another problem is data integrity. Machines react clumsily to bad data and the costs of it upkeep as well as general information systems departmental costs is higher than in non-CIM facility. Another problem that evolved is to try to accomplish in programming extensive logic to be able to produce schedules and optimize part sequence. There is no human mind that is to put into place of this approach in reacting to a dynamic day0today manufacturing schedule and changing priorities.On the other hand, integrated manufacturing is neither a universal remedy nor should it be embraced as a rel igion. It is an operational and tool that if executed and used properly will provide a new dimension to competing. Eventually, it will introduce quickly new customaries high quality products and delivering them with unprecedented lend times, swift decisions, and manufacturing products with high velocity. Conclusions and Recommendations Computer is one of the models of the information and communication technologies in manufacturing.There are factors which are involved when it comes to the CIM implementation and this includes production volume, in order to make the integration, the experiences of the company or personnel is highly concerned also the level of the integration into the product itself and the integration of the production process. When a company wants to integrate the computer into their business, they must be careful in starting manipulating this system for this undergoes a complex process. Computers, made an enormous impact regarding on the speed and accuracy of the pro duction process.With the help of this system, it is now accessible to create high quality outcomes in just a short period of time and it is hustle-free and less effort not like in the previous tomes, it would have taken a number of days to make the same products with no assurance that they would all be able to have the same quantity and quality. Computer-integrated manufacturing is a very interactive and hands on system. If it is applied appropriately, it will surely increase efficiency and enhance productivity with fewer errors to the whole factory. References http://www. computerintegratedfacturing . com/

Great Expectations by Dickens Essay - 1270 Words

Great Expectations Comment on Dickens use of setting focusing on the opening graveyard scene and the scenes with Miss Havisham set in the Satis house. GCSE Coursework Great Expectations Comment on Dickens use of setting focusing on the opening graveyard scene and the scenes with Miss Havisham set in the Satis house As a skilled writer Dickens has chosen a perfect setting in which corresponds to the involvement of his characters. The dark isolated graveyard associates with death, and provides a backdrop that is very similar to the appearance of a criminal, in the society in Dickens time. Dickens describes the marshes as being a dark, flat wilderness. This creates the opportunity to become lost and isolated, it†¦show more content†¦The beacon and the gibbet are the only things that are verticle and standing, as they are very important and have to stand out. This is because the beacons light guides in good people who will be saved from the distant savage lair, criminals being the savage beasts. The gibbet is the place where criminals will go, and they will not be saved. This, in Dickens view, is what will happen between the two groups of people. If Pip does steel he will go to the gibbet. Dickens cleverly associates the graveyard with the dark, mist and the rushing winds. These provide the right atmosphere that corresponds to the gloomy, course, grey appearance of Magwitch, a criminal. Magwitch is described as being a fearful man, with a terrible voice and shuddering body. This is Dickens view on what a criminal was like in the society in the Victorian times. Dickens puts across the idea of going across the marshes is a path you wouldnt want to take as it hurts, its unpleasant, its wild and cold, its not attactive and its lonely. This also means that being a criminal is a path you wouldnt want to take for the same reasons. When Magwitch turns Pip upside down, its like Pips life being turned around. From being a well brought up boy to a criminal. Dickens wrote this to show the idea of the change in Pips behaviour and manner towards criminality. The appearance of Magwitch, cutShow MoreRelatedDickens Great Expectations1378 Words   |  6 PagesDickens Great Expectations In this essay, I will compare the presentation of Pip as a young boy with that of Pip as an adult in Great Expectations. This novel is about a young orphan boy Pip who is given great expectations, when an unknown benefactor gives him money to become a gentleman. In the process he travels to London, deserting the people who care for him. This is a typical Victorian novel in that it has sentimental deathbed scenes such as Magwhichs whichRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens1285 Words   |  6 PagesAP Great Book Assignment: Great Expectations The 544-page, Bildungsroman novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is considered a classic because it has stood the test of time, appealing to generation after generation of readers while still remaining relevant to them. Published in 1861, Dickens created a coming-of-age story that is similar to his other novel, David Copperfield, but Great Expectations is considered to have reflected parts of his own life. There are several parallels betweenRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1574 Words   |  7 Pagesclass life. This boy was Charles Dickens, one of the most well known writers of all time. Throughout his life, he experienced both the middle and working class, therefore, most of his pieces of literature include characters from both of those social classes and how they view Victorian England society. His haunting childhood experience also allowed him to incorporate the themes of alienation and betrayal in Great Expectations (Cody). Throughout Great Expectations, Dick ens explores the specific socialRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens884 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens, is known and loved by a wide range of people all over the world. This classic story tells of a young boy named Pip on his quest to become a gentleman in Victorian England. The very first event in Great Expectations is Pip s encounter with Magwitch, an escaped convict that gives Pip a fortune for saving his life. After meeting Magwitch, Pip goes to the home of Miss Havisham, the eccentric woman appointed to teach him the ways of upper class society. While atRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardships provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expecta tions follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went throughRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens943 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Expectations written by Charles Dickens consist of many dynamic characters and literary elements that help develop the novel. Dickens introduces the life of the main character, Phillip Pirrip better known as Pip, as he works his way up in society. Along the way, Pip encounters many minor characters such as Biddy to help realize his full potential. Through the use of several literary devices, for example, characterization, conflict, and imagery, we take a young naà ¯ve boy and develop him into